Condenser



Marh I9, 1935. P. w. wAGENsELLER 1,994,934

CONDENSER Filed Noy. 6, 1 929 Patented Mar. 19, 1935 kyUMTEDl STATE-.S

1,994,934, *Y oor'IDENSER`4 I Paul Weldon Wagenseller, Chicago, IIL,

Application Novemberc, 19.29serian1\rq.4o5,-104` Renewed-Junef15,k193n4 Y A, A

This invention relates to condensers` ofthe type intended primarily for laboratory use, and its object is to provide a construction which shall be more simplel and economicalto manufacture 5 than that now in use, and which= shall' also be less liable toy breakage; `Another,A object isI to'provide a construction permitting the. use off interchangeable condenser tubes within asingle'type of jacket. And a' further'object is to:- provide a condenser'tube of. increased'eliciency;- 4'Illu-afin'- vention comprises certain features yandlelements of construction asy herein shown-anddescribed and as indicated by the claims.'V K

Inthedrawing:- "ii Figure 1 is a side elevation of a glasscondenser embodying this invention,.-showing a condenser tube of straight uniform bore.

Figure 2 is a similarV side .elevation of a modified form of the invention including av condenser tube having a series of bulbous portions connected by constrictions. l

Figure 3 is alsoa sidek elevation showing another modication in which the condenser tube is provided with a plurality of .bores helically inter'- twined. r

FigureY 4 is a transverse section taken as indicated at linel 4 4 on Figure 3.

Figure 5 is an axialI section'of a. piece of doublebore tubing of the type employed in the structure of Figure 3.

In the device shown in Figure 1 the outer jacket is'shown as a. tube, 1, formed With lateral openings adjacent its ends at opposite sides, and with laterally projecting branches, 2 and 3, at said openings for connection with rubber tubing through which the cooling liquid, such as water, is supplied to the jacket. The ends of the tube, 1, are somewhat reduced at 4 and 5 to form necks of equal size into which rubber corks, y6, r6, are tted. The condenser tube proper is shown at 10 as a tube of uniform size, extending through the axial bores in the corks, 6, 6, and supported thereby. The condenser tube has terminal porp tions, 11 and 12, the latter being of enlarged diameter, as is usual in devices of this character.

It will be understood that the vapor introduced into the tube, 10, is reduced in temperature by conduction of heat through the Walls of the tube to the cooling liquid circulating through the jacket, 1, and is thus condensed into liquid form.

Heretofore, when it was desired to construct a condenser of this type entirely of glass, it was common practice to fuse the condenser tube, 10,

in place by heating the neck portions, v4 and 5,

of the jacket so as to melt them suiiciently for such fusion. As av result, however, a condenser constructed in this manner is under constant internal stress set upf upon-cooling of theglass, and is therefore relatively frangible when nished,even if it issuccessfully completed with- 5 out. breakage. In some cases aY rubber cork has been used at one end ofithe jacket to support-the condenser tube so that :the fusionv of the glassais effectedA only at the opposite'end; but evenwith this arrangement' itV isjdiicult to secure thecork 10 in .place Without overstraining the'fused joint. The use of .rubber corks atv both ends of the yjacketielirninates all such strains in the glass and makes va Vsatisfactorily,sealed joint between the jacket andr the condenser tube..Y The 4openings l5A in the-necka-land 5, are made exactly alike and thestub branches,r 2and 3, are' symmetrically located sothat either Yend-of the Vjacket may serve asthe upper end in use`,xand the condenser" tube may lbein'se'rted eitherl Way around therein;

The beaded formation of the`neck-po1ltionsy4 and 5, istypicali of the tooling process by-vvhichV thebores of. these'.y neck'portion's are-'made accu.- rately' round; lIn this Y process the .glass is Y sof'- tened byheating and' thefshapng membersof 25 the forming tool are pressed against I its' outer surface .While its accurately round plugis held inv the bore; .The'glass tubing is-then rotatedwith the forming tool held against rotation, which results in shaping the'bead and at the same time '30 forming the bore accurately. This avoids any thinning of the glass Wall; in fact, by the compressing action of the tool it is more likely to be thickened in the process, hence, there is no Weakening of the glass structure at the tooled necks, 35 4 and 5, and the bead which is yincidentally formed by this method serves to strengthen the outer edge of each opening. This ensures that the tapered rubber plugs, 6, Will fit properly in the accurately round bores and satisfactorily seal the ends of the jacket, l, Without danger of crack-k ing or bursting it.

Figure 2 shows a structure, which is similar to* that lof Figure 1 except for the heat-radiating portion of the condenser tube. This tube is indicated generally at 20 With a small terminal portion, 21, and a larger terminal, 22. The portion of the tubejcontained Within the jacket, 1, consists'oi a series of chambers, 23, Whose diameter is substantially that ofthe terminal, 22,

'and which are connected With each other through constricted tubular portions, 24, of substantially the same size as the terminal portion, 21. Condenser tubes having a series of bulbous portions in this general arrangement #have been made Vquent weakening ofthe structure at an'yjpoint.

As a condenser tube this type is preferable to 'a plain tube in that it provides chambers in which the vapor will tend to accumulate by reason of,v the restricted outlets between chambers. v ThisV retards the flow of vaporfrom, end to end of the device and also presents larger surfaces at the bulbous portion, 23, for radiation of heat from the vapor in the process of condensation.

Figure 3 illustrates a very eicient form of condenser tube Iitted into a jacket, V1, which isfinl all respects similar to the jackets shown in Figures 1 and 2. The condenser tube of Figure 3 is indicated generally at 30 with a small terminal, 31, and a larger terminal portion, 32. The middle portion which is contained within `the jacket,

1, appears externally'as a double helix, apparently formed of two cylindrical bores twisted closely together in intertwined relation. VI con# structv this, however, by utilizing for the twisted portion a. double-bore tubing which is manufactured originally with an approximately. oval cross-section, as indicated in Figure 4, having two bores,.34 and 35, extending parallel within the oval outer wall and separated by apartition. This tubing, when heated, may be twisted uni-` formly from end to end, so that the bores, 34 and 35, are thus automatically intertwined, providing a relatively long passageway for the vapor between the ends of the jacket, 1; the bores, 34 and 35,V being smalljrelatively tothe mass ofthe surrounding glass fwalls, permit the glass to absorb a large amount of heat from the vapor and to ':radiate it readily to the cooling iiuidl in lthe jacket, 1.y The terminal portions. of the vcondenser tube may be constructedy of ordinaryglass tubingfused vto the ends of the double-bore sec,- tion, as indicated in Figures 3 and 5. Y f

This type'of construction, which consists in mounting a glass condenser tubein a glass jacket ent types of condenser tubeswhich may be interchangeably mounted therein as occasion may require,H y

I claim: 1. VA condenser comprising an outer glass jacket 'formed with inlet and outlet openings adjacentY its opposite ends respectively, and having aligned openings at said ends, a condenser tube of glass comprising tubular end portions 'and an intermediate heat-radiating portion, said latter portion being constructedfrom tubing having a plurality of parallel bores within a single outer wall, saidbores communicating with the tubular end portions, andsaid intermediate part being twisted to arrange saidr bores in inter-*twined helical form, together with plugs of resilient niaterial ttediinto said aligned openings and bored to flt over the'tubular endportions of the condenser tube Afor supporting the latter in the jacket, said twisted `heateradiating portionof the condenser tube being dimensioned to be entered and removed through one of said alignedopenings.

2. A condenser including an outer glass jacket with end portions .formed with axially aligned openings and each having areinforcing bead at its aouter edge, said aligned openings 'being accurately round in cross-section with tapered plugs of resilient material iitted respectively into .said openings, andY each having an axial bore,'and `a condenser tube. of `'glass including end portions tted respectively -into'the bores vof said plugs with 'an intermediateheat-radiating portion removably supported in the jacket by said plugs, said intermediate:portion: being dimensioned to pass through one of said aligned openings.

.PAUL .WELDON WAGENSELLER 

